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Bideford Long Bridge
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History of Bideford Long Bridge
Bideford Long Bridge, spanning the River Torridge in the town of Bideford, North Devon, is one of the oldest and most iconic stone bridges in England. With a history dating back to the 13th century, this bridge has been central to the development of Bideford as a key trading port and market town. Its unique design, featuring a series of arches of different sizes, and its long-standing importance as a crossing point over the River Torridge, make it a significant historical structure in the region.
Early History and Construction
The origins of Bideford Long Bridge are somewhat mysterious, with the exact date of its construction unknown. However, it is generally believed that the bridge was built in the late 13th century, with some sources suggesting it may have been constructed around 1280. It is thought that the original bridge was commissioned by Sir Theobald Grenville, the lord of the manor of Bideford at the time. According to local legend, it was built with donations from the community, including pennies from parishioners who believed the bridge was a vital connection across the River Torridge.
Before the bridge was built, crossing the River Torridge would have been done by ferry or boat, which could be dangerous, especially during high tides or bad weather. The construction of Bideford Long Bridge provided a safer and more reliable way to cross the river, helping to connect the town to its agricultural hinterland and supporting the growth of Bideford’s market.
Design and Architecture
Bideford Long Bridge is notable for its unique architectural design, featuring 24 arches of varying widths. This irregularity is thought to reflect the varying depths and characteristics of the riverbed below each arch, as well as the different periods during which sections of the bridge were repaired or rebuilt. The bridge was originally constructed using local stone, and much of the medieval stonework remains visible today.
The arches of the bridge are pointed in design, typical of medieval bridge construction, and its length spans approximately 677 feet (206 meters), making it one of the longest medieval bridges in the UK. The varying widths of the arches give the bridge a distinctive, almost undulating appearance, contributing to its unique charm.
Medieval and Early Modern Periods
During the medieval period, Bideford Long Bridge was essential to the town’s prosperity, providing a crucial crossing point over the River Torridge. As Bideford grew in importance as a port town, particularly during the Elizabethan era, the bridge played a key role in facilitating trade and the movement of goods. Bideford became a center for trade with America, particularly with the colonies of Virginia and Newfoundland, and the bridge was an important link between the port and inland areas.
Over time, the bridge was frequently repaired and expanded to accommodate the growing needs of the town. By the 16th century, Bideford was a thriving port, and the Long Bridge was essential in connecting the north and south banks of the Torridge.
Renovations and Modern Use
As traffic increased, so did the need for renovations to maintain and strengthen Bideford Long Bridge. In the 19th century, the bridge underwent significant changes to accommodate the rise in road traffic. In 1810, a major renovation project added a wider road surface to the bridge, making it suitable for carts and carriages. The 19th-century renovations also saw the addition of a parapet and wider footways, ensuring pedestrian safety.
Despite the growth of modern infrastructure and roadways, Bideford Long Bridge continues to be a vital crossing in the town. Modern traffic lights and controls were introduced to manage vehicle flow, as the bridge’s narrow width can only accommodate a single lane of traffic at a time. Despite these challenges, the bridge remains in daily use, carrying both vehicles and pedestrians across the River Torridge.
Cultural Significance and Protection
Bideford Long Bridge holds a special place in the hearts of the local community. It is not just a functional structure but a symbol of the town’s rich history and its resilience through the centuries. The bridge has been featured in numerous works of local literature, art, and photography, reflecting its status as a key landmark in Bideford.
In recognition of its historical importance, Bideford Long Bridge is a Grade I listed structure, meaning it is protected as a building of exceptional historical and architectural interest. The bridge is regularly maintained to preserve its original features while ensuring it can continue to serve as a vital crossing point for the town.
Modern-Day Importance
Today, Bideford Long Bridge remains a central part of the town’s infrastructure. Although other modern roadways and bridges have been built to accommodate increasing traffic, the Long Bridge continues to be used by locals and visitors alike. Its position in the heart of Bideford makes it a key link between the two sides of the town, and its picturesque setting, surrounded by the historic buildings of Bideford, adds to its charm as a tourist attraction.
For many, walking or driving across the bridge offers a tangible connection to Bideford’s medieval past. The views from the bridge provide a stunning perspective of the River Torridge and the surrounding landscape, making it a popular spot for visitors to pause and take in the beauty of the area.
Conclusion
Bideford Long Bridge is more than just a bridge; it is a symbol of the town’s history, resilience, and connection to its past. Built over 700 years ago and still in use today, the bridge has seen Bideford grow from a small medieval market town to a bustling port and now a charming historic town. With its distinctive design, rich history, and continued significance, Bideford Long Bridge remains one of North Devon’s most treasured landmarks, embodying the enduring spirit of the community it serves.